![]() ![]() Gibson's theory is known as the " Ecological Theory", because he says that perception can only be explained by our environment. Neanderthals would have needed perception to escape danger, suggesting perception is the result of evolution. He suggests that perception is needed for humans to stay alive. James Gibson (1904-1979) states that perception happens because of our human instincts. Top down processing helps humans quickly make sense of their environment without having to think too much.īottom-up processing Gibson's Ecological Theory This is because you have seen a cat before. For example : if you see half of a cat, you will have an idea of what it looks like even though half of it is hidden. What we already know or expect has a big effect here. In this approach, perception starts off with something general and becomes specific. For example : light enters the eye, this light is sent to the brain and the brain turns it into something we see. This approach means that to perceive, humans only needs information from their senses. The first group believes in Bottom-Up processing. Theories of perception can be sorted into two groups. The skin inside your nose has small cells which send messages to your brain when you breathe in. These bumps then send a message to our brain for us to taste. Our tongue has many little bumps which take in our food's flavor. Taste is the flavor of things we eat or drink. Receptors then send this information to our nervous system. These receptors can sense pain, how hot or cold something is and how heavy something is. The skin's top layer has receptors that take information in when touched. The brain takes these in, creating what we hear. The ears catch movement from sound waves which move in every direction. This light is turned into an electric message which travels to the brain and gets turned into a picture. Seeing something happens when light enters the eyes. The time and place this situation is happening at : This affects the amount of attention the perceiver gives to a situation.The person who is being watched and perceived : The least the other person knows about them the more they will try to guess.Also, in some situations someone can use a " perceptual defense", this is when they only see what they want to see. These are : How much experience someone has, how motivated this person is, and how they are feeling. There are three things that can have an effect on someone's perception. The perceiver : This is the person doing the observing and perceiving.We now only search for signs that put this person into the group we have matched them to.The search for signs that tell us about who they are becomes less broad.As we pick up on some signs, we match this person to a group we have seen before.When we see someone we don't know, we are looking for signs which will tell us things about them.Process of Perception Bruner's model of perception The idea behind this group of thinkers was that perception is more than the sum of our senses. The psychologist Wundt stated that perception could not just be explained by the way the body works and that psychology was needed too. Many of these studies were paired with data on human behavior. ![]() New techniques were created and used to study the brain and perception. Because of this he stated that a god and a soul were not possible. Kant suggested that humans can't know about things which our senses don’t see. Locke and Descartes both thought humans saw color because of the senses. ![]() Descartes said that the way our physical senses see the world does not affect how we think about the world. Kepler explained what is inside of the eye. Ibn al-Haytham wrote the first mathematical description of the visual process 17th Century
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